Otrarse
Ladino Poems
by Juan Gelman
Edited and translated by Ilan Stavans
256 Pages, 6.00 x 9.00 in
- EPUB
- 9780826366801 | November 2024
$24.95
One of Latin American’s most important poets of the twentieth century, Juan Gelman (1930–2014) spent much of his life in exile from his native Argentina during the Dirty War. A significant, seldom-acknowledged portion of Gelman’s poetry dealt with Jewish themes. He established a dialogue across time with Santa Teresa de Ávila and San Juan de la Cruz, the sixteenth-century Spanish mystical poets whose ancestry was Jewish. He rewrote poetic portions of the Bible as well as medieval Hebrew poetry. Gelman even taught himself Ladino, the language of Sephardic Jews, and wrote a volume of poems in it.
In this bilingual volume, celebrated scholar Ilan Stavans retraces Gelman’s admiration for these poetic ancestors, translating into English his Jewish oeuvre by carefully maintaining the Hebrew, Spanish, and Ladino echoes of the originals. The result is at once historically accurate and artistically exhilarating, repositioning Gelman as a major Jewish writer of the last century.
One of Latin America’s most distinguished and influential contemporary poets, Juan Gelman (1930–2014) is the author of more than two dozen collections of poetry and an assortment of essay volumes. A vocal, transformative human-rights activist, he is the recipient of Argentina’s National Literature Prize and Spain’s Premio Cervantes, the most prestigious award in the Spanish language.
Ilan Stavans is the Lewis-Sebring Professor of Humanities and Latin American and Latino Culture at Amherst College, the cofounder and publisher of Restless Books, and the academic director of the Great Books Summer Program. The recipient of numerous awards and honors, his work, translated into twenty languages, has been adapted into film, theater, television, and radio.
“Ilan Stavans’s Gelman is extraordinary. . . . We are in the presence of something marvelous: one of our best critical minds here introduces one of the twentieth century’s most fascinating poets, whose own journey was a conversation with poetics across the boundaries of time and space. . . . Stavans gently but with much nuance transforms our North American perspective on the Jewish presence in Spanish-language literature.”—Ilya Kaminsky, author of Deaf Republic
“Juan Gelman was a fierce, dogged, and imaginative Latin American poet in search of justice and reparation, a poet at war with Argentina’s junta, who remembered the disappeared and lodged poems that will not be forgotten. Ilan Stavans has done us a tremendous service by recreating these Ladino poems, demonstrating that Gelman was also a deeply Jewish poet of exile, a spiritual writer in conversation with the Hebrew Bible, with the great medieval Jewish poets and Christian mystics. These marvelous translations show that Gelman’s poems are righteous, but they also burn with a mystic fever.”—Edward Hirsch, author of How to Read a Poem and Fall in Love with Poetry
“I have long considered Juan Gelman as one of the greatest poets in the Spanish language of our time, and this anthology—with many verses I had never read before—confirms that certainty. In Otrarse: Ladino Poems, he sweetens the multitude of his own exiles by finding in a past that others have already partly written the road of return that can lovingly console us for all that we have lost and continue to seek, over and over, to regain.”—Ariel Dorfman, author of Death and the Maiden and The Suicide Museum
“Ilan Stavans has produced a major work of translation and commentary, bringing to the English language the incomparable poetry of Juan Gelman, whose life of exile and loss gave him the intimate knowledge to write about Sephardic memory as no other modern poet has done.”—Ruth Behar, author of Across So Many Seas
“Juan Gelman’s Ladino poems, made accessible here in Ilan Stavans’s apt translation, represent a fresh voice in literary modernism. I was especially struck by Gelman’s renderings of poems by some of the great Hebrew poets of medieval Spain. Even though he himself was working from translations, he managed to convey much of the arresting poetic force of the originals.”—Robert Alter, award-winning translator of The Hebrew Bible
“With Otrarse, Ilan Stavans grows the pile of books containing Juan Gelman’s work available to the reader of English. This bilingual anthology, infused with multiple languages, not only honors Gelman, but it also shares how the translator-scholar embraces and transforms the possibilities of language.”—Regina Galasso, author of Translating New York: The City’s Languages in Iberian Literatures
“Stavans does not produce poetry in English to be heard through a loudspeaker. On the contrary, the volume invites us to share in the subtlety of Ladino as it echoes through carefully crafted English. One cannot but feel the invitation to think of translation here as something other than an archaeological reconstruction. The overall effect is that through translation, Ladino becomes audible, gets a present and a future.”—Alicia Borinsky, author of One-Way Tickets: Writers and the Culture of Exile
“In Otrarse: Ladino Poems, Juan Gelman reimagines medieval Jewish Hispanic poets such as Yehuda Halevi, Salomon ibn Gabirol, Samuel Hanagid, and Abraham Abulafia with whom he identifies, and even invents new ones like Eliezer ben Jonon. He also makes Santa Teresa de Jesús, San Juan de la Cruz, and Fray Luis de León talk to us again. He does all this in order to become “the other’’ and to display his affinities with Jewish and crypto-Jewish poets victimized by the Spanish Inquisition. Gelman himself was persecuted by the Argentine military junta and lived many years in exile. The influence of Sephardic literature, Kabbalah, midrash, and the Talmud are all essential to Gelman’s quest. For his part, Ilan Stavans, the translator’s translator, joins this refashioning through what he calls “ventriloquism.” He even refutes Gelman’s claim that translation is an impossible task, for, if that were the case, this book would not exist. Reader, you have before yourself a manual of lyrical acrobatics.”—Angelina Muñiz-Huberman, winner of Mexico’s National Prize of Arts and Literature and a member of the Academia Mexicana de la Lengua
Foreword
Ilya Kaminsky
Introduction. Becoming Sefardí
Ilan Stavans
PART ONE. QUOTES (FROM CITAS [1982])
Cita II (Santa Teresa de Ávila) / Quote II (Santa Teresa de Ávila)
Cita VIII (Santa Teresa de Ávila) / Quote VIII (Santa Teresa de Ávila)
Cita XIX (Santa Teresa de Ávila) / Quote XIX (Santa Teresa de Ávila)
Cita XXVI (Santa Teresa de Ávila) / Quote XXVI (Santa Teresa de Ávila)
Cita XXX (Santa Teresa de Ávila) / Quote XXX (Santa Teresa de Ávila)
Cita XXXI (Santa Teresa de Ávila) / Quote XXXI (Santa Teresa de Ávila)
Cita XLV (Santa Teresa de Ávila) / Quote XLV (Santa Teresa de Ávila)
PART TWO. COMMENTARIES (FROM COMENTARIOS [1982])
Comentario XXVIII (San Juan de la Cruz) / Commentary XXVIII (San Juan de la Cruz)
Comentario XLII (San Juan de la Cruz) / Commentary XLII (San Juan de la Cruz)
Comentario XLIII (San Juan de la Cruz) / Commentary XLIII (San Juan de la Cruz)
Comentario XLVIII (Profeta Isaías) / Commentary XLVIII (Prophet Isaiah)
Comentario LVIII (Rey David) / Commentary LVIII (King David)
PART THREE. COM/POSITIONS (FROM COM/POSICIONES [1986])
Exergue
Salmo I (Rey David) / Psalm I (King David)
Salmo II (Rey David) / Psalm II (King David)
Salmo III (Rey David) / Psalm III (King David)
El buey (Profeta Amós) / The Ox (Prophet Amos)
El llamado (Profeta Ezequiel) / The Calling (Prophet Ezekiel)
El fénix (Job) / The Phoenix (Job)
Árboles (Rollos del Mar Muerto) / Trees (Dead Sea Scrolls)
Lo que vendrá (Rollos del Mar Muerto) / What Will Come (Dead Sea Scrolls)
Maitines (Himno Hekhalot) / Morning Prayer (Hekhalot Hymn)
Ojalá (Himno Hekhalot) / Let Us Hope (Hekhalot Hymn)
El momento (Samuel Hanagid) / The Moment (Samuel Hanagid)
Momentos de la batalla de Alfuente (Samuel Hanagid) / Scenes from the Battle of Alfuente (Samuel Hanagid)
La derrota (Samuel Hanagid) / The Defeat (Samuel Hanagid)
Invitación (Samuel Hanagid) / Invitation (Samuel Hanagid)
Sí (Samuel Hanagid) / Yes (Samuel Hanagid)
El vino (Samuel Hanagid) / Wine (Samuel Hanagid)
Al saber que mi enemigo murió (Samuel Hanagid) / On Learning of My Enemy’s Death (Samuel Hanagid)
La puerta (Salomón ibn Gabirol) / The Door (Solomon ibn Gabirol)
La pérdida (Salomón ibn Gabirol) / The Loss (Solomon ibn Gabirol)
Los testigos (Salomón ibn Gabirol) / The Witnesses (Solomon ibn Gabirol)
Oración (Yehuda Halevi) / Prayer (Yehuda Halevi)
Lavar (Yehuda Halevi) / To Wash (Yehuda Halevi)
Canción (Yehuda Halevi) / Song (Yehuda Halevi)
El país de la paloma (Yehuda Halevi) / The Country of the Dove (Yehuda Halevi)
Decir (Yehuda Halevi) / To Say (Yehuda Halevi)
El ciego (Yehuda Halevi) / The Blind Man (Yehuda Halevi)
El expulsado (Yehuda al-Harizi) / Expelled (Yehuda al-Harizi)
La mano (Eliezer ben Jonon) / The Hand (Eliezer ben Jonon)
El camino (Eliezer ben Jonon) / The Road (Eliezer ben Jonon)
La cuestión (Eliezer ben Jonon) / The Question (Eliezer ben Jonon)
Rostros (Eliezer ben Jonon) / Faces (Eliezer ben Jonon)
El juicio (Joseph Tsarfati) / The Judgment (Joseph Tsarfati)
Dónde (Isaac Luria) / Where (Isaac Luria)
Allí (Isaac Luria) / There (Isaac Luria)
El huérfano (Isaac Luria) / The Orphan (Isaac Luria)
PART FOUR. LETTER TO MY MOTHER (FROM CARTA A MI MADRE [1989])
Carta a mi madre / Letter to My Mother
PART FIVE. LO JUDÍO AND SPANISH-LANGUAGE LITERATURE (1992)
Lo judío and Spanish-Language Literature
PART SIX. DIBAXU (DIBAXU [1994])
Scholium
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXIV
XXV
XXVI
XXVII
XVIII
XXIX
PART SEVEN. WORTH IT (FROM VALE LA PENA [2001])
Medidas / Measures
Nombres / Names
Notes
Index of First Lines